There is a difference between mathematics and the “real world”: In the real world you are allowed to do whatever you want, as long as there is no law against doing it; in mathematics, you cannot do something unless there is a law that says you may. A question that comes up often on the…
Integration, at its basic level, is addition. A definite integral is a sum (a Riemann sum). When you add things you get an amount of whatever you are adding: you accumulate. Here are some previous posts on this important idea that often shows up on the AP Calculus exams (usually the first free-response question!) Accumulation:…
One of the major applications of integration is to find the volumes of various solid figures. Volume of Solids with Regular Cross-sections This is where to start with volume problems. After all, solids of revolution are just a special case of solids with regular cross-sections. Volumes of Revolution Subtract the Hole from the Whole and…
Usually the first application of integration is to find the area bounded by a function and the x-axis, followed by finding the area between two functions. We begin with these problems First some calculator hints Graphing Integrals using a graphing calculator to graph functions defined by integrals Graphing Calculator Use and Definition Integrals – Exam…
Cubic Symmetry Some things are fairly obvious. For example, if you look at the graphs of a few cubic equations, you might think that each is symmetric to a point and on closer inspection the point of symmetry is the point of inflection. This is true and easy to prove. You can find the point…
Given equations that define a region in the plane students are asked to find its area and the volume of the solid formed when the region is revolved around a line or used as a base of a solid with regular cross-sections. This standard application of the integral has appeared every year since 1969 on…
The Free-response Questions The free-response questions fall into 10 general categories or types. The multiple-choice questions fall largely into the same categories plus some straight-forward questions asking students to find limits, derivatives, and integrals. Often two or more type are combined into one question. The types are the following. Rate and Accumulation Linear motion Graph Analysis…
